Learn multiple methods to list files in Python directories and store them in lists. Compare os.listdir(), pathlib, os.scandir(), and os.walk() with practical examples and best practices.
Learn multiple methods to copy files in Python using shutil and pathlib modules. Discover best practices, error handling, and performance optimization techniques for file copying operations.
Learn how to check if a file exists in Python without using exceptions. Discover os.path.exists(), pathlib.Path.exists(), and best practices for reliable file existence checks.
Learn the proper syntax for catching multiple exceptions in Python with tuple grouping. Handle different exception types with the same code block and avoid common syntax pitfalls.
Learn multiple methods to check if Python objects have attributes including hasattr(), try/except, and getattr(). Complete guide with examples and best practices.
Learn how to create static variables and methods in Python with practical examples. Understand class-level variables, @staticmethod decorator, and best practices for shared state management.
Learn how to manually raise exceptions in Python using the raise keyword. Create custom exceptions, handle errors effectively, and improve your code's error handling with this comprehensive guide.
Discover why __init__.py matters in Python packages. This guide explains how it marks directories as packages, defines public APIs, and enables proper import functionality for clean code organization.
Discover the purpose and benefits of Python's if __name__ == '__main__' construct. Learn how this conditional statement controls code execution and creates modular, reusable Python scripts.
Learn how to extract filenames from file paths in Python regardless of OS or path format. Compare os.path.basename() and pathlib.Path() methods with practical examples and best practices.
Learn how to create constants in Python using naming conventions, typing.Final, and other methods. Complete guide with examples comparing to Java constants and best practices.
Learn about Python's __all__ attribute and its crucial role in __init__.py files. Discover how to control wildcard imports, define public APIs, and organize package interfaces effectively with practical examples and best practices.
Learn the best methods to print to stderr in Python. Compare print(), sys.stderr.write(), and os.write() approaches. Discover performance differences and best practices for error handling in Python.
Learn the key differences between @classmethod and @staticmethod in Python. Discover when to use each decorator, their inheritance behavior, and practical examples for cleaner, more maintainable code.
Master Python inheritance with super() vs Base.__init__. Learn MRO handling, multiple inheritance scenarios, and best practices for clean, maintainable code.